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Lint: covid-19

Adjectival Hyphens
error

"post-acute lung changes: see treatment and prognosis"

Line 22:8 · Only use medical adjectival hyphens where the letters at the end and start of the compound word are the same, e.g. post-transplant. In this case, don't use the hyphen: 'post-acute'.
Acronyms
warning

"COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) is an infectious respiratory illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a betacoronavirus. Diagnosis of COVID-19 requires a positive RT-PCR test; imaging is not considered diagnostic and is reserved for assessing disease severity and complications 4,8. When present, imaging findings are those of an atypical or organising pneumonia 9."

Line 1:161 · 'SARS' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) is an infectious respiratory illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a betacoronavirus. Diagnosis of COVID-19 requires a positive RT-PCR test; imaging is not considered diagnostic and is reserved for assessing disease severity and complications 4,8. When present, imaging findings are those of an atypical or organising pneumonia 9."

Line 1:244 · 'RT-PCR' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"The disease is COVID-19 (a shortening of COronaVIrus Disease-2019), and the causative virus is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 3."

Line 3:148 · 'SARS' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"SARS-CoV-2 emerged in late 2019 and is now endemic 3. The World Health Organisation (WHO) ended the COVID-19 public emergency on 5 May 2023 11."

Line 5:4 · 'SARS' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"The gold standard diagnostic test for SARS-CoV-2 is the real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test 4."

Line 8:42 · 'SARS' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA betacoronavirus that enters respiratory epithelium via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. It is one of the two strains of the SARS-CoV species known to cause human disease, the other being the original severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1), causing SARS. The virus mutates continually; lineages with altered transmissibility or immune escape are designated variants of concern or interest by the WHO 2."

Line 15:4 · 'SARS' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA betacoronavirus that enters respiratory epithelium via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. It is one of the two strains of the SARS-CoV species known to cause human disease, the other being the original severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1), causing SARS. The virus mutates continually; lineages with altered transmissibility or immune escape are designated variants of concern or interest by the WHO 2."

Line 15:48 · 'RNA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA betacoronavirus that enters respiratory epithelium via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. It is one of the two strains of the SARS-CoV species known to cause human disease, the other being the original severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1), causing SARS. The virus mutates continually; lineages with altered transmissibility or immune escape are designated variants of concern or interest by the WHO 2."

Line 15:203 · 'SARS' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA betacoronavirus that enters respiratory epithelium via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. It is one of the two strains of the SARS-CoV species known to cause human disease, the other being the original severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1), causing SARS. The virus mutates continually; lineages with altered transmissibility or immune escape are designated variants of concern or interest by the WHO 2."

Line 15:326 · 'SARS' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA betacoronavirus that enters respiratory epithelium via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. It is one of the two strains of the SARS-CoV species known to cause human disease, the other being the original severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1), causing SARS. The virus mutates continually; lineages with altered transmissibility or immune escape are designated variants of concern or interest by the WHO 2."

Line 15:350 · 'SARS' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"RSNA classification"

Line 69:4 · 'RSNA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.
Litotes
warning

"COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) is an infectious respiratory illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a betacoronavirus. Diagnosis of COVID-19 requires a positive RT-PCR test; imaging is not considered diagnostic and is reserved for assessing disease severity and complications 4,8. When present, imaging findings are those of an atypical or organising pneumonia 9."

Line 1:268 · Consider using 'ignored' instead of 'not considered'
Prefix Hyphens
warning

"crazy paving appearance: GGOs and inter-/intra-lobular septal thickening"

Line 35:56 · A prefix takes a hyphen only to avoid a duplicate letter: 'intra-lobular'.
Headings Valid
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Expected headings

  • H1 Terminology
  • H1 Usage
  • H1 Epidemiology
  • H2 Risk factors
  • H2 Associations
  • H1 Clinical presentation
  • H2 Complications
  • H1 Diagnosis
  • H2 Diagnostic criteria
  • H2 Diagnostic clues
  • H1 Pathology
  • H2 Aetiology
  • H2 Location
  • H2 Classification
  • H2 Macroscopic appearance
  • H2 Microscopic appearance
  • H2 Immunophenotype
  • H2 Markers
  • H2 Genetics
  • H1 Radiographic features
  • H2 Plain radiograph
  • H2 Mammography
  • H2 Antenatal ultrasound
  • H2 Transoesophageal echocardiography
  • H2 Ultrasound
  • H2 CT
  • H3 Dual-energy CT
  • H2 Angiography (DSA)
  • H2 MRI
  • H2 CT/MRI
  • H2 Nuclear medicine
  • H3 PET-CT
  • H3 PET-MRI
  • H1 Radiology report
  • H1 Treatment and prognosis
  • H2 Complications
  • H1 History and etymology
  • H1 Differential diagnosis
  • H2 Clinical differential diagnosis
  • H1 Practical points
  • H1 See also

"Complications"

Line 16:1 · "Complications" is under the wrong parent heading (found under "Pathology").

"Differential diagnoses"

Line 91:1 · "Differential diagnoses" is not a recognised heading for this article type.
Semicolons
suggestion

"COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) is an infectious respiratory illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a betacoronavirus. Diagnosis of COVID-19 requires a positive RT-PCR test; imaging is not considered diagnostic and is reserved for assessing disease severity and complications 4,8. When present, imaging findings are those of an atypical or organising pneumonia 9."

Line 1:255 · Use semicolons judiciously.

"Most infections are mild and confined to the upper respiratory tract, with the Omicron variant now dominant 33; pneumonia and severe disease are concentrated in older, immunosuppressed, and comorbid individuals 12. Common symptoms include fever, cough, fatigue, and/or dyspnoea 12,13. Anosmia/taste disturbance is less common with the Omicron variant now dominant 33."

Line 10:125 · Use semicolons judiciously.

"SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA betacoronavirus that enters respiratory epithelium via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. It is one of the two strains of the SARS-CoV species known to cause human disease, the other being the original severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1), causing SARS. The virus mutates continually; lineages with altered transmissibility or immune escape are designated variants of concern or interest by the WHO 2."

Line 15:389 · Use semicolons judiciously.

"pulmonary embolism: higher in intensive care (~25%) than on the ward (~10%); emboli are frequently peripheral and often occur without demonstrable deep vein thrombosis 20,21"

Line 18:90 · Use semicolons judiciously.

"absorption stage (>14 days): gradual resolution; residual parenchymal bands"

Line 51:55 · Use semicolons judiciously.

"Disease extent can be quantified with a CT severity score; a higher score is associated with intensive care admission and death in a strong dose-response relationship 16."

Line 53:61 · Use semicolons judiciously.
Oxford Comma
suggestion

"ground-glass opacities (GGO): bilateral, peripheral and basal (often rounded or multifocal) (>70%)"

Line 34:45 · Use the Oxford comma in 'bilateral, peripheral and basal'.
Inline EG
suggestion

"air space consolidation and other features of organising pneumonia (e.g. reverse halo sign) (~50%)"

Line 36:82 · Consider replacing a bracketed e.g. with an inline e.g. after a comma.