"positivity of OCT4 and KIT/CD117"
"12p abnormalities on FISH studies"
"Clinical signs and symptoms are frequently chest-related and include dyspnoea, chest pain and cough. Systemic symptoms and signs include weight loss, nausea, fever and gynaecomastia 1-3. They might also present with complications such as superior vena cava syndrome or might be found incidentally on imaging studies 1,2. β-hCG and/or LDH might be elevated 1-4, whereas AFP is usually normal 1-4."
"Mediastinal seminomas usually express OCT4, KIT/CD117 and SALL4 on immunohistochemistry stains 1. They are also frequently positive for D2-40, PLAP and CD99 1. Weak positivity for keratins might be observed 1."
"Mediastinal seminomas usually express OCT4, KIT/CD117 and SALL4 on immunohistochemistry stains 1. They are also frequently positive for D2-40, PLAP and CD99 1. Weak positivity for keratins might be observed 1."
Expected headings
"Pathogenesis"
"The final diagnosis is based on pathology, gender and the absence of a testicular lesion on imaging 1."
"small sheets or clusters of polygonal epithelioid cells with a clear, pale or eosinophilic cytoplasm"
"Clinical signs and symptoms are frequently chest-related and include dyspnoea, chest pain and cough. Systemic symptoms and signs include weight loss, nausea, fever and gynaecomastia 1-3. They might also present with complications such as superior vena cava syndrome or might be found incidentally on imaging studies 1,2. β-hCG and/or LDH might be elevated 1-4, whereas AFP is usually normal 1-4."
"Macroscopically mediastinal seminomas are lobulated to nodular tumours with a smooth and shiny cut surface and a white to light tannish colour. Areas of necrosis, haemorrhage or cystic spaces are uncommonly seen 1,4."
"confluent sheets, clusters or cords of round to polygonal tumour cells"
"rarely prominent cystic changes, syncytiotrophoblasts or intercellular oedema"
"Mediastinal seminomas usually express OCT4, KIT/CD117 and SALL4 on immunohistochemistry stains 1. They are also frequently positive for D2-40, PLAP and CD99 1. Weak positivity for keratins might be observed 1."
"Mediastinal seminomas usually appear as bulky, homogeneous lobular masses. Sometimes they might have cystic, haemorrhagic or necrotic components."
"associated complications (e.g. superior vena cava obstruction)"