"Schiller-Duval bodies (might be absent)"
"markedly elevated serum AFP"
"coexpression of cytokeratins, SALL4, GPC3 and possibly AFP"
"A large heterogeneous mediastinal mass with lung metastases on imaging in young men or children in the setting of rapid symptom onset and elevated serum AFP might indicate a non-seminomatous germ cell tumour."
"Clinical signs and symptoms are frequently chest-related and include dyspnoea, chest pain and cough, systemic symptoms include weight loss, fever and haemoptysis 1-3. They might also present with superior vena cava syndrome or might be found incidentally on imaging studies 1. AFP is most commonly elevated 1. Β-hCG might be elevated 2."
"Immunohistochemistry stains of mediastinal yolk sac tumours are usually positive for cytokeratins such as AE1 and/or AE3, GPC3 and SALL4 but usually do not express OCT4, SOX2 and D2-40 1. They variably express AFP, PLAP and KIT/CD117."
"Immunohistochemistry stains of mediastinal yolk sac tumours are usually positive for cytokeratins such as AE1 and/or AE3, GPC3 and SALL4 but usually do not express OCT4, SOX2 and D2-40 1. They variably express AFP, PLAP and KIT/CD117."
"Immunohistochemistry stains of mediastinal yolk sac tumours are usually positive for cytokeratins such as AE1 and/or AE3, GPC3 and SALL4 but usually do not express OCT4, SOX2 and D2-40 1. They variably express AFP, PLAP and KIT/CD117."
"endodermal sinus/pseudopapillary: Schiller-Duval bodies resembling primitive glomeruli"
Expected headings
"Pathogenesis"
"various histological patterns representing the yolk sac, allantois and extraembryonic mesenchyme"
"coexpression of cytokeratins, SALL4, GPC3 and possibly AFP"
"Clinical signs and symptoms are frequently chest-related and include dyspnoea, chest pain and cough, systemic symptoms include weight loss, fever and haemoptysis 1-3. They might also present with superior vena cava syndrome or might be found incidentally on imaging studies 1. AFP is most commonly elevated 1. Β-hCG might be elevated 2."
"microcystic/reticular: cystic spaces lined by cuboidal, flat or columnar epithelium"
"Immunohistochemistry stains of mediastinal yolk sac tumours are usually positive for cytokeratins such as AE1 and/or AE3, GPC3 and SALL4 but usually do not express OCT4, SOX2 and D2-40 1. They variably express AFP, PLAP and KIT/CD117."
"Immunohistochemistry stains of mediastinal yolk sac tumours are usually positive for cytokeratins such as AE1 and/or AE3, GPC3 and SALL4 but usually do not express OCT4, SOX2 and D2-40 1. They variably express AFP, PLAP and KIT/CD117."
"Immunohistochemistry stains of mediastinal yolk sac tumours are usually positive for cytokeratins such as AE1 and/or AE3, GPC3 and SALL4 but usually do not express OCT4, SOX2 and D2-40 1. They variably express AFP, PLAP and KIT/CD117."
"associated complications (e.g. superior vena cava obstruction)"