Radiopaedia Helpers

Exclamation

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"five different diseases are named after Dr Weber! ¹⁹"

Line 141:60 · Don't use exclamation points in text.

Prefix Hyphens

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"Patients with the rarer GNA11 mutations tend to have paler more reticulated capillary malformations, with milder neurological features but additional extra-cutaneous features (e.g. renal abnormalities, hypertension and limb hypotrophy or hypertrophy)²⁴."

Line 8:163 · A prefix takes a hyphen only to avoid a duplicate letter: 'extra-cutaneous'.

EG List And

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Line 8:189 · An e.g. list gives selected examples, so it should not end with 'and' or 'or': 'e.g. renal abnormalities, hypertension and limb hypotrophy or'.

List Caps

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"Todd paresis following seizures may characteristically be very prolonged ²⁶"

Line 16:11 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"Frederick Parkes Weber: English dermatologist (1863-1962) ^17,19"

Line 140:4 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"Vincente Dimitri: Austrian dermatologist (1885-1955) ¹⁸"

Line 143:8 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"Rudolf Schirmer: German ophthalmologist (1831-1896) ²⁰"

Line 144:8 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"Siegfried Kalischer: German neuropathologist (1862-1954) ^20,21"

Line 145:8 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

Emphasis

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"According to Roach et al. ²³, Sturge-Weber syndrome can be classified according to the presence/absence of facial and leptomeningeal angiomas:"

Line 41:29 · Italics should be used only in exceptional circumstances: ' '

"Unlike most phakomatoses, Sturge-Weber syndrome is sporadic with no definite identifiable hereditary component ^4,10. However, somatic activating mosaic mutations in the GNAQ gene on chromosome 9q21 are identified in ~90% of patients ^12,26,27. Mutations in GNA11 have also been identified in a minority of patients with slight differences in clinical features²⁴."

Line 49:191 · Italics should be used only in exceptional circumstances: 'GNAQ gene on chromosome 9q21 are identified in ~90% of patients 12,26,27. Mutations in GNA11'

Strong

warning

"type I: represents the classic syndrome, with both facial and leptomeningeal angiomas; may have glaucoma"

Line 43:32 · Generally, don't use bold in text: ' represents the classic syndrome, with both facial and leptomeningeal angiomas; may have glaucoma'

"type II: facial angioma without evidence of intracranial disease; may have glaucoma"

Line 44:33 · Generally, don't use bold in text: ' facial angioma without evidence of intracranial disease; may have glaucoma'

"MR perfusion: impaired venous drainage²⁷"

Line 109:38 · Generally, don't use bold in text: ' impaired venous drainage'

Ranges

warning

"Skull radiographs were historically useful and capable of identifying the gyriform calcification of the subcortical white matter although they no longer play a significant role in the diagnosis or management of this condition. The finding usually becomes evident between 2-7 years of age ^2,26."

Line 63:267 · Don't add words such as 'from' or 'between' to describe a range of numbers.

Acronyms

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"MR spectroscopy: decreased NAA ⁶"

Line 108:52 · 'NAA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"TORCH infection"

Line 154:11 · 'TORCH' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"PHACE syndrome ⁷"

Line 158:11 · 'PHACE' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

Litotes

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"Sturge-Weber syndrome was first described by Sturge in 1879 who argued that there was a direct link between the intracranial haemangioma and the clinical presentation, although this was not accepted by his medical peers. It took until 1901 for Kalischer to provide the pathological confirmation that the pial angioma caused the neurological sequelae ²⁰."

Line 135:207 · Consider using 'rejected' instead of 'not accepted'

Colons

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"William Allen Sturge: English physician (1850-1919) ^16,18,20"

Line 138:28 · The first word after a colon should almost always be lowercase. In this case, it's not: ': English physician'.

"Frederick Parkes Weber: English dermatologist (1863-1962) ^17,19"

Line 140:26 · The first word after a colon should almost always be lowercase. In this case, it's not: ': English dermatologist'.

"Vincente Dimitri: Austrian dermatologist (1885-1955) ¹⁸"

Line 143:24 · The first word after a colon should almost always be lowercase. In this case, it's not: ': Austrian dermatologist'.

"Rudolf Schirmer: German ophthalmologist (1831-1896) ²⁰"

Line 144:23 · The first word after a colon should almost always be lowercase. In this case, it's not: ': German ophthalmologist'.

"Siegfried Kalischer: German neuropathologist (1862-1954) ^20,21"

Line 145:27 · The first word after a colon should almost always be lowercase. In this case, it's not: ': German neuropathologist'.

Headings Valid

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Expected headings

H1 Terminology
H1 Usage
H1 Epidemiology
H2 Risk factors
H2 Associations
H1 Clinical presentation
H2 Complications
H1 Diagnosis
H2 Diagnostic criteria
H2 Diagnostic clues
H1 Pathology
H2 Aetiology
H2 Location
H2 Classification
H2 Macroscopic appearance
H2 Microscopic appearance
H2 Immunophenotype
H2 Markers
H2 Genetics
H1 Radiographic features
H2 Plain radiograph
H2 Mammography
H2 Antenatal ultrasound
H2 Transoesophageal echocardiography
H2 Ultrasound
H2 CT
H3 Dual-energy CT
H2 Angiography (DSA)
H2 MRI
H2 CT/MRI
H2 Nuclear medicine
H3 PET-CT
H3 PET-MRI
H1 Radiology report
H1 Treatment and prognosis
H2 Complications
H1 History and etymology
H1 Differential diagnosis
H2 Clinical differential diagnosis
H1 Practical points
H1 See also

"Embryology"

Line 50:1 · "Embryology" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Associations"

Line 52:1 · "Associations" is under the wrong parent heading (found under "Pathology").

"PET"

Line 115:1 · "PET" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

There Is

suggestion

"Sturge-Weber syndrome is rare, with an incidence estimated at 1 in 20,000-50,000 ¹¹. It is the third most common phakomatosis, after neurofibromatosis type 1 and tuberous sclerosis complex ²⁶. There is no gender predisposition ²⁶."

Line 3:240 · Don't start a sentence with 'There is'.

Oxford Comma

suggestion

"Ocular manifestations are also common. Approximately a third of patients have choroidal or scleral angiomatous involvement, which may be complicated by retinal detachment, buphthalmos or glaucoma ^1,26."

Line 36:167 · Use the Oxford comma in 'detachment, buphthalmos or glaucoma'.

Semicolons

suggestion

"type I: represents the classic syndrome, with both facial and leptomeningeal angiomas; may have glaucoma"

Line 43:127 · Use semicolons judiciously.

"type II: facial angioma without evidence of intracranial disease; may have glaucoma"

Line 44:106 · Use semicolons judiciously.

"type III: isolated leptomeningeal angioma; usually no glaucoma"

Line 45:66 · Use semicolons judiciously.

Biographical Lifespan

suggestion

"History and etymology"

Line 134:1 · A bold element in the History and etymology section should be a person; it would be useful to have their lifespan details: '<h4>History and etymology</h4> Sturge-Weber syndrome was first described by Sturge '

Links

phakomatosis