"It was initially described by Eduardo Tolosa Colomer (1900-1981) 12, a Spanish neurosurgeon, in 1954 3 (note his son is a pioneering neurologist with a similar name: Eduardo Tolosa Sarró (fl. 2019)) and then by the American neurosurgeon William Edward Hunt (1921-1999) et al. in 1961 4,12."
"Tolosa-Hunt syndrome can affect individuals at essentially any age and does not have a recognised sex predilection in adults 15. The disease most often presents in middle-aged adults 17; in children, there is a female predisposition 18."
"In the majority of cases who do not have histological confirmation, follow-up imaging for at least 2 years is recommended to ensure no recurrence of imaging abnormalities which would suggest an alternative diagnosis (e.g. lymphoma) 14."
Expected headings
"Associations"
"Tolosa-Hunt syndrome can affect individuals at essentially any age and does not have a recognised sex predilection in adults 15. The disease most often presents in middle-aged adults 17; in children, there is a female predisposition 18."
"Tolosa-Hunt syndrome presents as unilateral painful ophthalmoplegia. Periorbital or retro-orbital pain is usually severe and can precede ipsilateral ophthalmoplegia by days to weeks. The oculomotor nerve (CN III), trochlear nerve (CN IV), abducens nerve (CN VI) and occasionally the optic nerve (CN II), ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve (CN V1), facial nerve (CN VII) or vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) can be affected 14,16. Sympathetic innervation of the pupil, causing Horner syndrome, can also occur 14."