"According to TNM staging of renal cell carcinoma, tumour spread into the infra diaphragmatic inferior vena cava is the T3c stage, while extension into the supradiaphragmatic inferior vena cava is T4b stage. Also, subclassification into infrahepatic, hepatic, and suprahepatic extension can further help the surgeon."
"pseudothrombosis caused by laminar flow of enhanced blood from renal veins streaming parallel to the column of unopacified blood returning from the lower body; delayed images will show resolution of filling defect"
Expected headings
"Bland thrombus"
"Aetiology"
"Tumour thrombus"
"Bland thrombus vs tumour thrombus"
"a bland thrombus result from external compression of the inferior vena cava by a neoplastic lesion (i.e. no direct invasion), so the inferior vena cava is usually narrowed at the site of thrombosis; in contrast, tumour thrombus expands the inferior vena cava"
"pseudothrombosis caused by laminar flow of enhanced blood from renal veins streaming parallel to the column of unopacified blood returning from the lower body; delayed images will show resolution of filling defect"
"pseudolipoma (paracaval lipoma) is the partial volume artifact due to pericaval fat above caudate lobe, seen commonly in patients with chronic liver disease; coronal reformats usually clear the doubt 2"