"Deep soft tissue infections can also occur in otherwise healthy individuals following surgery, penetrating trauma, minor wounds such as tattoos, piercings 22, insect bites or abrasions, or even blunt trauma with no clear portal of entry 7,15. Infections can enter wounds while bathing in warm coastal water or handling raw seafood. Bivalve filter-feeders such as oysters concentrate Vibrio species, especially if post-harvest temperature is too high 21. Coastal flooding exposes a larger population to infection 22."
"As fascia is variably defined, there can be confusion as to what this pathology truly constitutes. While anatomy texts often define superficial fascia as including the subcutaneous fat layer, the latest international nomenclature, Terminologia Anatomica, abandoned the term and most surgeons consider "fascia" to refer primarily to the deep (investing) fascia 3,10. Therefore, findings of infection in the subcutaneous tissue are usually considered part of cellulitis, while fasciitis is reserved for the involvement of the deep fascia 10. The term necrotising deep soft tissue infection has been proposed as more encompassing than necrotising fasciitis 20."
"Deep soft tissue infections can also occur in otherwise healthy individuals following surgery, penetrating trauma, minor wounds such as tattoos, piercings 22, insect bites or abrasions, or even blunt trauma with no clear portal of entry 7,15. Infections can enter wounds while bathing in warm coastal water or handling raw seafood. Bivalve filter-feeders such as oysters concentrate Vibrio species, especially if post-harvest temperature is too high 21. Coastal flooding exposes a larger population to infection 22."
"The incubation period is short and is followed by acute painful inflammation and crepitus due to necrotising skin and soft tissue infection, with or without haemorrhagic bullae. Infection spreads rapidly along the relatively hypovascular fascial planes and enters the bloodstream causing septicaemia, fever and hypotension 15. Surgical findings include friable superficial fascia and foul grey "dishwater" exudate 15. Vibrio infections commonly cause gastrointestinal symptoms including diarrhoea, stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting."
"polymicrobial (type I): most common; involves both anaerobic and aerobic organisms, such as Clostridium, Bacteroides, and Peptostreptococcus in the former group, and Enterobacteriaceae family members and Staphylococcus aureus in the latter group 14"
"monomicrobial (type II): less common (10-15%); most commonly involves group A streptococci, the “flesh-eating bacteria” and may be complicated by toxic shock syndrome 3,4; less commonly due to Staphylococcus aureus and increasingly due to Vibrio species"
"As fascia is variably defined, there can be confusion as to what this pathology truly constitutes. While anatomy texts often define superficial fascia as including the subcutaneous fat layer, the latest international nomenclature, Terminologia Anatomica, abandoned the term and most surgeons consider "fascia" to refer primarily to the deep (investing) fascia 3,10. Therefore, findings of infection in the subcutaneous tissue are usually considered part of cellulitis, while fasciitis is reserved for the involvement of the deep fascia 10. The term necrotising deep soft tissue infection has been proposed as more encompassing than necrotising fasciitis 20."
"T2 FS or STIR"
"Necrotising fasciitis is relatively rare, although its prevalence is rising. Over the past few years there has been an increase in vibriosis due to warming coastal and estuarine waters off East Coast USA, Gulf of Mexico 22 and Australia 21. Vibriosis is a notifiable disease in the USA 22."
"Necrotising fasciitis is relatively rare, although its prevalence is rising. Over the past few years there has been an increase in vibriosis due to warming coastal and estuarine waters off East Coast USA, Gulf of Mexico 22 and Australia 21. Vibriosis is a notifiable disease in the USA 22."
"T2 FS or STIR"
"The entity was described by Hippocrates in the 5th century BC as a complication of erysipelas, termed hospital gangrene in a large series by Joseph Jones (an American army surgeon during the American Civil War), and finally called "necrotising fasciitis" in 1952 in an article by B Wilson 18."
"Urgent surgical fasciotomy with aggressive debridement of the necrotic tissue may be life-saving and may be repeated until there is no further tissue necrosis (this may require amputation). Mortality ranges between 9-25% 17 and the disease can be rapidly fatal within days."
"Deep soft tissue infections can also occur in otherwise healthy individuals following surgery, penetrating trauma, minor wounds such as tattoos, piercings 22, insect bites or abrasions, or even blunt trauma with no clear portal of entry 7,15. Infections can enter wounds while bathing in warm coastal water or handling raw seafood. Bivalve filter-feeders such as oysters concentrate Vibrio species, especially if post-harvest temperature is too high 21. Coastal flooding exposes a larger population to infection 22."
"The incubation period is short and is followed by acute painful inflammation and crepitus due to necrotising skin and soft tissue infection, with or without haemorrhagic bullae. Infection spreads rapidly along the relatively hypovascular fascial planes and enters the bloodstream causing septicaemia, fever and hypotension 15. Surgical findings include friable superficial fascia and foul grey "dishwater" exudate 15. Vibrio infections commonly cause gastrointestinal symptoms including diarrhoea, stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting."
"The incubation period is short and is followed by acute painful inflammation and crepitus due to necrotising skin and soft tissue infection, with or without haemorrhagic bullae. Infection spreads rapidly along the relatively hypovascular fascial planes and enters the bloodstream causing septicaemia, fever and hypotension 15. Surgical findings include friable superficial fascia and foul grey "dishwater" exudate 15. Vibrio infections commonly cause gastrointestinal symptoms including diarrhoea, stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting."
"The incubation period is short and is followed by acute painful inflammation and crepitus due to necrotising skin and soft tissue infection, with or without haemorrhagic bullae. Infection spreads rapidly along the relatively hypovascular fascial planes and enters the bloodstream causing septicaemia, fever and hypotension 15. Surgical findings include friable superficial fascia and foul grey "dishwater" exudate 15. Vibrio infections commonly cause gastrointestinal symptoms including diarrhoea, stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting."
"polymicrobial (type I): most common; involves both anaerobic and aerobic organisms, such as Clostridium, Bacteroides, and Peptostreptococcus in the former group, and Enterobacteriaceae family members and Staphylococcus aureus in the latter group 14"
"monomicrobial (type II): less common (10-15%); most commonly involves group A streptococci, the “flesh-eating bacteria” and may be complicated by toxic shock syndrome 3,4; less commonly due to Staphylococcus aureus and increasingly due to Vibrio species"
"monomicrobial (type II): less common (10-15%); most commonly involves group A streptococci, the “flesh-eating bacteria” and may be complicated by toxic shock syndrome 3,4; less commonly due to Staphylococcus aureus and increasingly due to Vibrio species"
"Necrotising fasciitis is an emergency; urgent commencement of empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics including anaerobic is recommended, with subsequent culture results guiding ongoing antibiotic selection."
"communication from the aerodigestive tract (e.g. pneumomediastinum, oesophageal perforation)"