"Hip joint space width ≤2 mm or"
"Another semi-quantitative method, which does not give a definition of osteoarthritis by grade, but grades different features of osteoarthritis, such as femoral and acetabular osteophyte formation, as well as superior and medial joint space narrowing, is the OARSI atlas 10,17."
"Recommended scoring systems are the Kellgren and Lawrence score and the OARSI atlas 10."
"MRI-based semi-quantitative scoring systems are the HOAMS, HIMRISS and SHOMRI systems 10,20-22."
"The HOAMS score 20 assesses a variety of features of the hip joint, such as chondral lesions, bone marrow lesions, subchondral cysts, osteophytes, labral lesions, synovitis and joint effusion, as well as attrition, dysplasia, intraarticular bodies, labral hypertrophy, paralabral cysts, femoral herniation pit, insertional greater trochanteric tendonitis and/or bursitis 20,22."
"For quantitative joint space width measurements, AP plain radiographs of the pelvis or hip are recommended with the patient in a standing position with feet internally rotated 15-20° 10."
Expected headings
"MRI"
"Complications"
"Attributes, characteristics or exposures that increase the likelihood of developing osteoarthritis of the hip are 3-5,26:"
"Patients usually experience slowly progressive hip pain, or hip-related groin pain radiating into the thigh, buttocks or knee. The pain can be worse at night, at rest or with strenuous activity, reducing the range of motion and limiting walking distance. It can be associated with stiffness, particularly in the morning or after rest. Other symptoms include locking, grinding and joint instability, fatigue and pain-related psychological stress 1,8."
"Patients usually experience slowly progressive hip pain, or hip-related groin pain radiating into the thigh, buttocks or knee. The pain can be worse at night, at rest or with strenuous activity, reducing the range of motion and limiting walking distance. It can be associated with stiffness, particularly in the morning or after rest. Other symptoms include locking, grinding and joint instability, fatigue and pain-related psychological stress 1,8."
"Patients usually experience slowly progressive hip pain, or hip-related groin pain radiating into the thigh, buttocks or knee. The pain can be worse at night, at rest or with strenuous activity, reducing the range of motion and limiting walking distance. It can be associated with stiffness, particularly in the morning or after rest. Other symptoms include locking, grinding and joint instability, fatigue and pain-related psychological stress 1,8."
"Osteoarthritis is characterised by an active progressive alteration of the whole synovial joint, due to a combination of mechanical, inflammatory and metabolic factors. This arises from an imbalance between the destruction and repair of the affected tissues. The disease not only affects the hyaline cartilage, which loses its structural integrity due to composition changes, but also involves the other tissues of the joint, including the subchondral bone, the joint capsule and the synovium, as well as the ligaments and the periarticular muscles 1."
"Images should be acquired in coronal, sagittal and oblique axial planes 10. Radial and axial images are of additional use for the assessment of femoral head-neck junction and acetabular anatomy in the case of femoroacetabular impingement associated with cam and/or pincer morphology 10. For a simplified acquisition, 3D imaging and secondary oblique and radial reconstructions are recommended."
"MRI-based semi-quantitative scoring systems are the HOAMS, HIMRISS and SHOMRI systems 10,20-22."
"The HOAMS score 20 assesses a variety of features of the hip joint, such as chondral lesions, bone marrow lesions, subchondral cysts, osteophytes, labral lesions, synovitis and joint effusion, as well as attrition, dysplasia, intraarticular bodies, labral hypertrophy, paralabral cysts, femoral herniation pit, insertional greater trochanteric tendonitis and/or bursitis 20,22."
"For the evaluation of active disease, the HIMRISS (hip inflammation MRI scoring system) has been described 22, which focuses on the active inflammatory aspect of osteoarthritis and measures only three features of the disease, being bone marrow lesions, effusion and synovitis 22."
"Quantitative MRI techniques, for the time being, are subject to clinical research and are not used in clinical routine and include assessment of cartilage composition with mapping techniques such as dGEMRIC, T1rho, T2 and T2* 10,18."
"Management strategies include conservative non-surgical measures as well as surgical modalities and should be individualised concerning the patient’s fitness and functional requirements and tailored according to hip-related and general risk factors as well as other factors such as pain level, disability handicap, location and degree of structural damage 8,9,24-27, 31-33. The main objectives are pain control and the maintenance or restoration of hip function."
"Non-operative management includes patient education, lifestyle and activity modifications, weight loss, physiotherapy, strengthening, range of motion exercises and assistive devices as well as pharmacological therapy in the form of analgesics, e.g. paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids 9,24-30."
"Surgical management includes total hip replacement, osteotomy and hip resurfacing 8,25,26, the latter two should be considered in younger patients with symptomatic secondary osteoarthritis due to acetabular dysplasia, femoroacetabular impingement, varus or valgus deformity 26. The first is the option in patients with symptomatic and radiographic osteoarthritis characterised by refractory pain and disability 25,26."
"Surgical management includes total hip replacement, osteotomy and hip resurfacing 8,25,26, the latter two should be considered in younger patients with symptomatic secondary osteoarthritis due to acetabular dysplasia, femoroacetabular impingement, varus or valgus deformity 26. The first is the option in patients with symptomatic and radiographic osteoarthritis characterised by refractory pain and disability 25,26."
"Osteoarthritis of the hip can be classified into primary and secondary, depending on whether or not it is due to a known predisposing factor. There are multiple classification systems described for grading hip osteoarthritis."
"Another semi-quantitative method, which does not give a definition of osteoarthritis by grade, but grades different features of osteoarthritis, such as femoral and acetabular osteophyte formation, as well as superior and medial joint space narrowing, is the OARSI atlas 10,17."
"The HOAMS score 20 assesses a variety of features of the hip joint, such as chondral lesions, bone marrow lesions, subchondral cysts, osteophytes, labral lesions, synovitis and joint effusion, as well as attrition, dysplasia, intraarticular bodies, labral hypertrophy, paralabral cysts, femoral herniation pit, insertional greater trochanteric tendonitis and/or bursitis 20,22."
"The SHOMRI score 21 assesses fewer features, including chondral loss, bone marrow oedema pattern, subchondral cysts, labral abnormalities, as well as paralabral cysts, intra-articular loose bodies, joint effusion or synovitis and ligamentum teres abnormalities."
"Non-operative management includes patient education, lifestyle and activity modifications, weight loss, physiotherapy, strengthening, range of motion exercises and assistive devices as well as pharmacological therapy in the form of analgesics, e.g. paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids 9,24-30."
"Surgical management includes total hip replacement, osteotomy and hip resurfacing 8,25,26, the latter two should be considered in younger patients with symptomatic secondary osteoarthritis due to acetabular dysplasia, femoroacetabular impingement, varus or valgus deformity 26. The first is the option in patients with symptomatic and radiographic osteoarthritis characterised by refractory pain and disability 25,26."