"urinary fluid loss (e.g. iatrogenic diuresis, post-obstructive)"
"Management of shock, regardless of aetiology, rests on resuscitation of the patient first, followed by definitive treatment of the underlying cause. These often have to occur concurrently; e.g. a bleeding patient will require fluids and blood to maintain cardiac output, but the source of exsanguination must also be located and stopped."
"focus‐assessed transthoracic echocardiography (FATE)"
"rapid ultrasound in shock (RUSH)"
"gastrointestinal fluid loss (e.g. vomiting, diarrhoea)"
"urinary fluid loss (e.g. iatrogenic diuresis, post-obstructive)"
"interstitial fluid loss (e.g. sepsis, thermal burns, pancreatitis)"
"intracardiac shunt (e.g. atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect)"
"Management of shock, regardless of aetiology, rests on resuscitation of the patient first, followed by definitive treatment of the underlying cause. These often have to occur concurrently; e.g. a bleeding patient will require fluids and blood to maintain cardiac output, but the source of exsanguination must also be located and stopped."