Radiopaedia Helpers

Headings Spacing

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"Location "

Line 23:1 · Never put spaces at either end of headings.

Strong List Colon Position

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"T1: low to an intermediate signal"

Line 93:8 · When enboldening an intro, the colon should not be bold. 'T1: low'

"T2: high intensity with or without signal voids indicating calcifications"

Line 94:8 · When enboldening an intro, the colon should not be bold. 'T2: high'

"GRE/SWI: blooming of mineralised/calcified portions"

Line 95:8 · When enboldening an intro, the colon should not be bold. 'GRE/SWI: blooming'

"T1 C+ (Gd): peripheral and septal contrast enhancement ⁹"

Line 96:8 · When enboldening an intro, the colon should not be bold. 'T1 C+ (Gd): peripheral'

"DCE: arterial enhancement favours chondrosarcoma vs enchondroma"

Line 97:8 · When enboldening an intro, the colon should not be bold. 'DCE: arterial'

Citation Punctuation Sup

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"The main complications include ^1,"

Line 119:35 · Punctuation after citations should never be superscripted. '1,'

Emphasis

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"Individuals with enchondromatosis and a somatic mosaic mutation in IDH1 or IDH2 are at a higher risk to develop chondrosarcomas ¹."

Line 22:71 · Italics should be used only in exceptional circumstances: 'IDH1 or IDH2'

"About 50% of chondrosarcomas display somatic mutations in the IDH1 and IDH2 genes ¹. They are also characterised by aneuploidy and complex karyotypes, as well as alterations in the p53 and RB1 signalling pathways in >80% of high-grade chondrosarcomas ⁷. Other alterations include mutations in the COL2A1 gene in more than one-third of the cases ^7,8. Copy number variations of CDKN2A are found in about ¾ of high-grade central chondrosarcomas, but not in low-grade chondrosarcomas or enchondromas ^1,7."

Line 54:66 · Italics should be used only in exceptional circumstances: 'IDH1 and IDH2 genes 1. They are also characterised by aneuploidy and complex karyotypes, as well as alterations in the p53 and RB1 signalling pathways in >80% of high-grade chondrosarcomas 7. Other alterations include mutations in the COL2A1 gene in more than one-third of the cases 7,8. Copy number variations of CDKN2A'

Number Formatting

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"About 50% of chondrosarcomas display somatic mutations in the IDH1 and IDH2 genes ¹. They are also characterised by aneuploidy and complex karyotypes, as well as alterations in the p53 and RB1 signalling pathways in >80% of high-grade chondrosarcomas ⁷. Other alterations include mutations in the COL2A1 gene in more than one-third of the cases ^7,8. Copy number variations of CDKN2A are found in about ¾ of high-grade central chondrosarcomas, but not in low-grade chondrosarcomas or enchondromas ^1,7."

Line 54:477 · Check the number format against the style guide: '¾'.

Acronyms

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"PET-CT can show a high FDG uptake in intermediate- and high-grade chondrosarcomas with a SUVmax of >4.4 and a high specificity of 99% versus enchondromas and low-grade chondrosarcomas ^11,17, with the limitation that almost half of the intermediate and high-grade chondrosarcoma cases will reveal a SUVmax in an inconclusive range of 2-4.4 not helping the differentiation versus low-grade chondrosarcomas ¹."

Line 100:110 · 'SUV' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"PET-CT can show a high FDG uptake in intermediate- and high-grade chondrosarcomas with a SUVmax of >4.4 and a high specificity of 99% versus enchondromas and low-grade chondrosarcomas ^11,17, with the limitation that almost half of the intermediate and high-grade chondrosarcoma cases will reveal a SUVmax in an inconclusive range of 2-4.4 not helping the differentiation versus low-grade chondrosarcomas ¹."

Line 100:345 · 'SUV' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

List Caps

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"Ewing sarcoma"

Line 137:11 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

Headings Valid

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Expected headings

H1 Terminology
H1 Usage
H1 Epidemiology
H2 Risk factors
H2 Associations
H1 Clinical presentation
H2 Complications
H1 Diagnosis
H2 Diagnostic criteria
H2 Diagnostic clues
H1 Pathology
H2 Aetiology
H2 Location
H2 Classification
H2 Macroscopic appearance
H2 Microscopic appearance
H2 Immunophenotype
H2 Markers
H2 Genetics
H1 Radiographic features
H2 Plain radiograph
H2 Mammography
H2 Antenatal ultrasound
H2 Transoesophageal echocardiography
H2 Ultrasound
H2 CT
H3 Dual-energy CT
H2 Angiography (DSA)
H2 MRI
H2 CT/MRI
H2 Nuclear medicine
H3 PET-CT
H3 PET-MRI
H1 Radiology report
H1 Treatment and prognosis
H2 Complications
H1 History and etymology
H1 Differential diagnosis
H2 Clinical differential diagnosis
H1 Practical points
H1 See also

"Location "

Line 23:1 · "Location " is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Associations"

Line 55:1 · "Associations" is under the wrong parent heading (found under "Pathology").

"Plain radiograph/CT"

Line 66:1 · "Plain radiograph/CT" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Signal characteristics"

Line 91:1 · "Signal characteristics" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Complications"

Line 118:1 · "Complications" is under the wrong parent heading (found under "Treatment and prognosis").

Oxford Comma

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"MRI is an important tool in the detection, grading and differentiation of intermediate- to higher-grade chondrosarcomas versus low-grade chondrosarcoma as well as other bone tumours. MR imaging characteristics include the following ^1,9-16:"

Line 77:36 · Use the Oxford comma in 'detection, grading and differentiation'.

"intramedullary location, lobulated or geographical shape"

Line 79:23 · Use the Oxford comma in 'location, lobulated or geographical'.

Inline EG

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"absence or loss of entrapped fatty marrow ¹⁰ (e.g. on follow-up studies)"

Line 81:64 · Consider replacing a bracketed e.g. with an inline e.g. after a comma.

Biographical Lifespan

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"History and etymology"

Line 126:1 · A bold element in the History and etymology section should be a person; it would be useful to have their lifespan details: '<h4>History and etymology</h4> Chondrosarcomas were first described by the American bone pathologists Louis Liechtenstein '

Lint: central-intermediate-and-high-grade-chondrosarcoma