Radiopaedia Helpers

cocaine-induced-midline-destructive-lesion

Headings Spacing

error

"Epidemiology "

Line 4:1 · Never put spaces at either end of headings.

"Clinical presentation "

Line 8:1 · Never put spaces at either end of headings.

"MRI "

Line 21:1 · Never put spaces at either end of headings.

Acronyms

warning

"If a history is unavailable, blood tests can remain positive for 2 days, urine tests for 2-4 days, and hair for 3 months ⁶. Patients may test ANCA positive, and p-ANCA autoantibody (especially to human neutrophil elastase) is particularly helpful in distinguishing CIMDLS from the pattern seen in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)."

Line 7:160 · 'ANCA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

Line 7:185 · 'ANCA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"granulomatosis with polyangiitis (affects heart, lungs and kidneys; often c-ANCA positive)"

Line 43:91 · 'ANCA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

Headings Valid

warning

Expected headings

H1 Terminology
H1 Usage
H1 Epidemiology
H2 Risk factors
H2 Associations
H1 Clinical presentation
H2 Complications
H1 Diagnosis
H2 Diagnostic criteria
H2 Diagnostic clues
H1 Pathology
H2 Aetiology
H2 Location
H2 Classification
H2 Macroscopic appearance
H2 Microscopic appearance
H2 Immunophenotype
H2 Markers
H2 Genetics
H1 Radiographic features
H2 Plain radiograph
H2 Mammography
H2 Antenatal ultrasound
H2 Transoesophageal echocardiography
H2 Ultrasound
H2 CT
H3 Dual-energy CT
H2 Angiography (DSA)
H2 MRI
H2 CT/MRI
H2 Nuclear medicine
H3 PET-CT
H3 PET-MRI
H1 Radiology report
H1 Treatment and prognosis
H2 Complications
H1 History and etymology
H1 Differential diagnosis
H2 Clinical differential diagnosis
H1 Practical points
H1 See also

"Epidemiology "

Line 4:1 · "Epidemiology " is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Clinical presentation "

Line 8:1 · "Clinical presentation " is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"MRI "

Line 21:1 · "MRI " is not a recognised heading for this article type.

Oxford Comma

suggestion

"Cocaine-induced midline destructive lesion (CIMDL), a consequence of snorting cocaine powder, begins with necrosis of the nasal pyramid and can spread to involve adjacent structures including the clivus, craniocervical junction, anterior and middle cranial fossae."

Line 1:281 · Use the Oxford comma in 'junction, anterior and middle'.

"Cocaine use is widespread and increasing ¹; the drug is addictive and tolerance drives dose increases ⁶. Sporadic use is common and can cause myocardial infarction, arrhythmias and stroke. Regular use can cause cocaine-induced midline destructive lesion, which is dose and duration-dependent. A history of illegal drug use can be difficult to obtain, so the true incidence is unknown."

Line 5:182 · Use the Oxford comma in 'infarction, arrhythmias and stroke'.

"Symptoms are due to destruction or secondary infection and include disfigurement, oronasal regurgitation, altered sense of smell and taste, epistaxis and dysphonia."

Line 9:137 · Use the Oxford comma in 'taste, epistaxis and dysphonia'.

"granulomatosis with polyangiitis (affects heart, lungs and kidneys; often c-ANCA positive)"

Line 43:57 · Use the Oxford comma in 'heart, lungs and kidneys'.

Semicolons

suggestion