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Lint: antineutrophil-cytoplasmic-antibody

antineutrophil-cytoplasmic-antibody
Adjectival Hyphens
error

"post-streptococal glomerulonephritis"

Line 85:8 · Only use medical adjectival hyphens where the letters at the end and start of the compound word are the same, e.g. post-transplant. In this case, don't use the hyphen: 'post-streptococal'.
Heterogeneous Spelling
warning

"Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) are a heterogenous class of IgG autoantibodies raised against the cellular contents of neutrophils, monocytes and endothelial cells 1. Under indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) microscopy, three ANCA staining patterns are observed, based on the varying intracellular distribution of their antigenic targets 2:"

Line 1:73 · Radiopaedia advises the '-eous' form: 'heterogeneous' rather than 'heterogenous'.
Acronyms
warning

"Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) are a heterogenous class of IgG autoantibodies raised against the cellular contents of neutrophils, monocytes and endothelial cells 1. Under indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) microscopy, three ANCA staining patterns are observed, based on the varying intracellular distribution of their antigenic targets 2:"

Line 1:271 · 'ANCA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"perinuclear (p-ANCA)"

Line 4:19 · 'ANCA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"a broad array of non-MPO p-ANCA antigen specificities are described (e.g. elastase, lysozyme), each with subtle variations in IIF staining (which may class them as atypical)"

Line 7:35 · 'ANCA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"cytoplasmic (c-ANCA)"

Line 11:19 · 'ANCA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"classical antigen specificity: proteinase-3 (PR3-ANCA), present in neutrophil azurophilic granules"

Line 13:57 · 'ANCA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"other atypical c-ANCA antigens exist, but are poorly described and many remain largely unknown"

Line 14:25 · 'ANCA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"atypical (a-ANCA)"

Line 18:16 · 'ANCA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"ANCAs are implicated in both the initiation and amplification of vasculitic disease, due to their ability to directly activate cytokine-primed neutrophils, leading to increased neutrophil adhesion and diapedesis 1,3. Neutrophils degranulate and become necrotic, secondary to altered apoptotic signalling as a result of ANCA binding. Inflammatory cells (e.g. neutrophils, monocytes), and more ANCA antibodies are recruited, perpetuating endothelial damage and vasculitis in a vicious cycle 1,3."

Line 22:334 · 'ANCA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"ANCAs are implicated in both the initiation and amplification of vasculitic disease, due to their ability to directly activate cytokine-primed neutrophils, leading to increased neutrophil adhesion and diapedesis 1,3. Neutrophils degranulate and become necrotic, secondary to altered apoptotic signalling as a result of ANCA binding. Inflammatory cells (e.g. neutrophils, monocytes), and more ANCA antibodies are recruited, perpetuating endothelial damage and vasculitis in a vicious cycle 1,3."

Line 22:407 · 'ANCA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"ANCAs not directed against MPO or PR3 are commonly associated with non-vasculitic inflammatory diseases 1,4. Diseases associated with high ANCA titre include 4:"

Line 23:154 · 'ANCA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"ANCA-associated vasculitides"

Line 26:7 · 'ANCA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener granulomatosis): c-ANCA"

Line 28:76 · 'ANCA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"microscopic polyangiitis: p-ANCA"

Line 29:43 · 'ANCA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: p-ANCA"

Line 30:64 · 'ANCA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"inflammatory bowel diseases: p-ANCA > c-ANCA, often non-classical antigen specificities"

Line 34:35 · 'ANCA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"inflammatory bowel diseases: p-ANCA > c-ANCA, often non-classical antigen specificities"

Line 34:44 · 'ANCA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"autoimmune hepatic diseases: p-ANCA > c-ANCA, non-classical antigen specificities"

Line 41:35 · 'ANCA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"autoimmune hepatic diseases: p-ANCA > c-ANCA, non-classical antigen specificities"

Line 41:44 · 'ANCA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"connective tissue disorders: p-ANCA > c-ANCA"

Line 49:35 · 'ANCA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"connective tissue disorders: p-ANCA > c-ANCA"

Line 49:44 · 'ANCA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"drug-induced vasculitis/hepatitis/lupus: p-ANCA and/or c-ANCA"

Line 61:47 · 'ANCA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"drug-induced vasculitis/hepatitis/lupus: p-ANCA and/or c-ANCA"

Line 61:61 · 'ANCA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"propylthiouracil (20%): p-ANCA, especially MPO-ANCA"

Line 63:34 · 'ANCA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"other vasculitides: p-ANCA > c-ANCA, non-classical antigen specificities"

Line 72:26 · 'ANCA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"other vasculitides: p-ANCA > c-ANCA, non-classical antigen specificities"

Line 72:35 · 'ANCA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"other glomerulonephritides: p-ANCA, especially MPO-ANCA"

Line 81:34 · 'ANCA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"anti-GBM antibody-associated glomerulonephritis (30%)"

Line 83:13 · 'GBM' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"cystic fibrosis (80%): c-ANCA > p-ANCA"

Line 126:33 · 'ANCA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"cystic fibrosis (80%): c-ANCA > p-ANCA"

Line 126:42 · 'ANCA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.
Oxford Comma
suggestion

"Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) are a heterogenous class of IgG autoantibodies raised against the cellular contents of neutrophils, monocytes and endothelial cells 1. Under indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) microscopy, three ANCA staining patterns are observed, based on the varying intracellular distribution of their antigenic targets 2:"

Line 1:154 · Use the Oxford comma in 'neutrophils, monocytes and endothelial'.
Inline EG
suggestion

"a broad array of non-MPO p-ANCA antigen specificities are described (e.g. elastase, lysozyme), each with subtle variations in IIF staining (which may class them as atypical)"

Line 7:76 · Consider replacing a bracketed e.g. with an inline e.g. after a comma.
Semicolons
suggestion

"autoimmune hepatitis (type 1; 80%)"

Line 43:43 · Use semicolons judiciously.
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