"Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA) is a syndrome characterised by a periosteal reaction of the long bones without an underlying bone lesion. There is a broad range of manifestations, although typically there is symmetrical involvement of the appendicular skeleton. Accompanying abnormal soft tissue proliferation is variable and may result in the clubbing of the fingers and toes."
"Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy is largely considered a secondary phenomenon, and nearly always (95-97% of cases) occurs in the setting of a wide variety of other cardiopulmonary, gastrointestinal, endocrine, haematological, and inflammatory conditions 5. When associated with cancer, it is considered a paraneoplastic syndrome. A primary form, pachydermoperiostosis, is due to a heritable genetic mutation that results in similar clinical manifestations, although tends to have more soft tissue findings 5."
"Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy has been given various names including Pierre-Marie syndrome, Bamberger syndrome, osteoarthropatia hypertrophica, Mankowsky syndrome, and Hagner syndrome."
"Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy may refer to either the primary or secondary syndrome, although general usage implies the secondary form, given the rarity of primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (also known as pachydermoperiostosis)."
"Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy (HPOA) specifically refers to hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in the setting of lung disease, and not from other intrathoracic processes such as mediastinal or pleural disease 5."
"Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy (HPOA) specifically refers to hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in the setting of lung disease, and not from other intrathoracic processes such as mediastinal or pleural disease 5."
Expected headings
"Tc-99m MDP bone scan"
"Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA) is a syndrome characterised by a periosteal reaction of the long bones without an underlying bone lesion. There is a broad range of manifestations, although typically there is symmetrical involvement of the appendicular skeleton. Accompanying abnormal soft tissue proliferation is variable and may result in the clubbing of the fingers and toes."
"Most successful treatment and rapid regression of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy is achieved in cases where the underlying cause is identified and treated; such as a radically treated lung tumour."
"In primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (or in cases where the underlying condition could not be treated), symptomatic relief can be obtained by use of NSAIDs, corticosteroids or bisphosphonates 6,7."