"higher BMI / obesity"
"In addition to the visualisation of glenoid and humeral head morphology, MRI can help in the detection of the underlying aetiology. It allows the assessment of a variety of tissue abnormalities, including cartilage, labrum and the glenohumeral ligaments. The capacity in the detection of cartilage injury is, however, limited if compared to other joints (e.g. knee, hip or ankle) 4. In exchange, it provides valuable information in the evaluation of the rotator cuff, which forms an integral part of surgical planning."
Expected headings
"MRI"
"Typical symptoms include slowly progressive, posterior or deep, localised shoulder pain associated with a limited range of motion, stiffness, and worsening at night. Other symptoms might include locking, grinding and joint instability 3."
"Typical symptoms include slowly progressive, posterior or deep, localised shoulder pain associated with a limited range of motion, stiffness, and worsening at night. Other symptoms might include locking, grinding and joint instability 3."
"Generally, osteoarthritis is characterised by progressive joint alteration, due to a combination of mechanical, inflammatory and metabolic factors that not only affect the hyaline cartilage but also the surrounding tissues, including the subchondral bone, the joint capsule and the synovium, as well as the ligaments and, in the case of the shoulder, the rotator cuff. These alterations are thought to arise from an imbalance between destruction and repair of the affected tissues 3,5. Like in other diarthrodial joints, glenohumeral osteoarthritis is associated with thickening of the subchondral bone plate and marginal osteophyte formation, which usually can be seen at the posterior glenoid rim and the central part of the humeral head first. Soft tissue changes associated with the condition are capsular thickening and contraction, potentially leading to an internal rotation deficit and further eccentric posterior glenoid erosion 3."
"In addition to the visualisation of glenoid and humeral head morphology, MRI can help in the detection of the underlying aetiology. It allows the assessment of a variety of tissue abnormalities, including cartilage, labrum and the glenohumeral ligaments. The capacity in the detection of cartilage injury is, however, limited if compared to other joints (e.g. knee, hip or ankle) 4. In exchange, it provides valuable information in the evaluation of the rotator cuff, which forms an integral part of surgical planning."
"rotator cuff pathology, in particular, massive and full-thickness rotator cuff tears and subscapularis tears"
"Non-operative management includes patient education, lifestyle and activity modifications and physical therapy as well as pain management with paracetamol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs."
"Generally, osteoarthritis is characterised by progressive joint alteration, due to a combination of mechanical, inflammatory and metabolic factors that not only affect the hyaline cartilage but also the surrounding tissues, including the subchondral bone, the joint capsule and the synovium, as well as the ligaments and, in the case of the shoulder, the rotator cuff. These alterations are thought to arise from an imbalance between destruction and repair of the affected tissues 3,5. Like in other diarthrodial joints, glenohumeral osteoarthritis is associated with thickening of the subchondral bone plate and marginal osteophyte formation, which usually can be seen at the posterior glenoid rim and the central part of the humeral head first. Soft tissue changes associated with the condition are capsular thickening and contraction, potentially leading to an internal rotation deficit and further eccentric posterior glenoid erosion 3."