Radiopaedia Helpers

Strong List Colon Position

error

"T1: useful for detection of prostate contour, neurovascular bundle encasement, and post-biopsy haemorrhage ¹⁵"

Line 70:8 · When enboldening an intro, the colon should not be bold. 'T1: useful'

"DWI/ADC: usually shows restricted diffusion, especially on higher grade tumours"

Line 78:8 · When enboldening an intro, the colon should not be bold. 'DWI/ADC: usually'

"dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE): (dynamic contrast enhancement in prostate cancer)"

Line 80:4 · When enboldening an intro, the colon should not be bold. 'dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE): '

Adjectival Hyphens

error

"T1: useful for detection of prostate contour, neurovascular bundle encasement, and post-biopsy haemorrhage ¹⁵"

Line 70:108 · Only use medical adjectival hyphens where the letters at the end and start of the compound word are the same, e.g. post-transplant. In this case, don't use the hyphen: 'post-biopsy'.

"involves post-processing time"

Line 84:17 · Only use medical adjectival hyphens where the letters at the end and start of the compound word are the same, e.g. post-transplant. In this case, don't use the hyphen: 'post-processing'.

List Punctuation

error

"fluorine-18-PSMA PET can also be used for diagnosis, staging, restaging and evaluation of therapy response. Fluorinated tracers have a longer half-life and are therefore more practical than gallium tracers."

Line 114:206 · Do not put full stops at the end of a list item.

Strong

warning

"The aim of prostate MRI is to detect clinically significant prostate cancer, as insignificant prostate cancer is common ³⁵. However, this term is without a consensus definition ^35,36 (c. 2024) and has been defined as one or more of the following (noting variability within criterion) ^31-35:"

Line 3:4 · Generally, don't use bold in text: 'The aim of prostate MRI is to detect'

Line 3:58 · Generally, don't use bold in text: 'clinically significant prostate cancer'

List Caps

warning

"Gleason score >6 or ≥7"

Line 9:7 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

Acronyms

warning

"The TNM staging system is used for staging prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is one of the (less common) causes of cannonball metastases to the lung."

Line 54:11 · 'TNM' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"Micro-ultrasound (microUS) uses a high-frequency probe to assist in differentiating between benign and malignant lesions and targeting lesions for biopsy. A PRI-MUS score is given to assess the probability of the lesion being malignant ³⁷."

Line 63:168 · 'PRI-MUS' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"Often, a PI-RADS score is given to assess the probability of the lesion being malignant."

Line 67:16 · 'PI-RADS' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"Ga-68-PSMA PET"

Line 110:11 · 'PSMA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"gallium-68-PSMA PET can be used for diagnosis, staging, restaging, evaluation of therapy response and prognostication in prostate cancer ²⁶"

Line 111:23 · 'PSMA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"F-18 PSMA PET"

Line 112:10 · 'PSMA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

Line 114:20 · 'PSMA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"in patients with low PSA levels, F-18 PSMA PET or Ga-68 PSMA PET is superior in detecting prostate cancer metastases compared to PET performed with other radiotracers ²⁹"

Line 115:46 · 'PSMA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"in patients with low PSA levels, F-18 PSMA PET or Ga-68 PSMA PET is superior in detecting prostate cancer metastases compared to PET performed with other radiotracers ²⁹"

Line 115:64 · 'PSMA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"FDG PET may be used for PSMA-negative patients with aggressive cancer or to assess recurrence ³⁰"

Line 120:36 · 'PSMA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"Patients who do not meet these criteria will usually undergo a combination of androgen deprivation therapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy. Theranostic approaches, including PSMA-targeted therapies, e.g. lutetium-177 vipivotide tetraxetan, are increasingly emerging for prostate cancer management, particularly intractable metastatic disease."

Line 123:199 · 'PSMA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

Headings Case

warning

"MR spectroscopy"

Line 102:5 · 'MR spectroscopy' should use sentence-style capitalization.

Headings Valid

warning

Expected headings

H1 Terminology
H1 Usage
H1 Epidemiology
H2 Risk factors
H2 Associations
H1 Clinical presentation
H2 Complications
H1 Diagnosis
H2 Diagnostic criteria
H2 Diagnostic clues
H1 Pathology
H2 Aetiology
H2 Location
H2 Classification
H2 Macroscopic appearance
H2 Microscopic appearance
H2 Immunophenotype
H2 Markers
H2 Genetics
H1 Radiographic features
H2 Plain radiograph
H2 Mammography
H2 Antenatal ultrasound
H2 Transoesophageal echocardiography
H2 Ultrasound
H2 CT
H3 Dual-energy CT
H2 Angiography (DSA)
H2 MRI
H2 CT/MRI
H2 Nuclear medicine
H3 PET-CT
H3 PET-MRI
H1 Radiology report
H1 Treatment and prognosis
H2 Complications
H1 History and etymology
H1 Differential diagnosis
H2 Clinical differential diagnosis
H1 Practical points
H1 See also

"Staging"

Line 53:1 · "Staging" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Signal characteristics"

Line 68:1 · "Signal characteristics" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"MR spectroscopy"

Line 102:1 · "MR spectroscopy" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Tc-99m MDP bone scan"

Line 108:1 · "Tc-99m MDP bone scan" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Ga-68-PSMA PET"

Line 110:1 · "Ga-68-PSMA PET" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"F-18 PSMA PET"

Line 112:1 · "F-18 PSMA PET" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"F-18-fluciclovine PET"

Line 117:1 · "F-18-fluciclovine PET" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"F-18 FDG PET"

Line 119:1 · "F-18 FDG PET" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

Semicolons

suggestion

"an elevated (greater than 4 ng/mL) prostate-specific antigen (PSA); normal is 1-4 ng/mL"

Line 21:81 · Use semicolons judiciously.

"Prostate cancer can spread by local invasion (typically into the bladder and seminal vesicles; urethral and rectal involvement are rare), lymphatic spread (pelvic nodes first followed by para-aortic and inguinal nodes), or by haematogenous metastases ²³. Common sites of haematogenous metastases are ^22,23:"

Line 43:97 · Use semicolons judiciously.

Oxford Comma

suggestion

"The addition of MR spectroscopy (MRS) with fast T2-weighted imaging has been an area of research for a long time now, but has not become widely established in everyday clinical practice. The normal prostate produces a large amount of citrate from the peripheral zone, which tumours do not ³. In normal prostate tissue, citrate and polyamine levels are high, and choline levels are low. The reverse is the case in a tumour."

Line 103:347 · Use the Oxford comma in 'tissue, citrate and polyamine'.