"Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcomas are extremely rare. They have a marked male predilection, with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 7–8:1, and typically present in adults aged 10–82 years, with a median age of around 50 years 1,2,4."
"Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcomas are extremely rare. They have a marked male predilection, with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 7–8:1, and typically present in adults aged 10–82 years, with a median age of around 50 years 1,2,4."
"postoperative radiotherapy (mean dose ~55 Gy, range 10–70 Gy)"
"Prognosis is generally poor (5-year survival is approximately 30–50%) with high local recurrence rate (22-55%) 1,4,6. Distant metastases are relatively uncommon (11%) 1,3,4."
"T1: isointense to muscle"
"T2: hyperintense, with heterogeneous signal reflecting necrosis or haemorrhage"
"T1 C+: variable contrast enhancement"
"germ cell markers: PLAP, SALL4, AFP, hCG (negative)"
"germ cell markers: PLAP, SALL4, AFP, hCG (negative)"
"NUT carcinoma"
"FDG-PET may demonstrate hypermetabolic uptake and can be useful in identifying residual, recurrent or metastatic disease 1."
"There is no established treatment standard due to the rarity of this tumour. Management is typically multimodal, combining 1,4:"