"Location "
"T1: low signal vs muscle"
"T2/STIR: high signal intensity with punctate or curvilinear signal voids indicating matrix mineralisation 9,10"
"T1 C+ (Gd): peripheral and septal enhancement"
"Similar to central intermediate and high-grade chondrosarcomas, secondary peripheral intermediate and high-grade chondrosarcomas are associated with chromosomal instability and complex karyotypes probably due to alterations in p53 and RB1 signalling pathways. As opposed to peripheral low-grade chondrosarcomas where EXT-mutant and EXT-wildtype cells coexist, EXT-wildtype cells predominate in peripheral intermediate and high-grade chondrosarcomas 1. Mutations in IDH1 and IDH2 are absent 1."
"Similar to central intermediate and high-grade chondrosarcomas, secondary peripheral intermediate and high-grade chondrosarcomas are associated with chromosomal instability and complex karyotypes probably due to alterations in p53 and RB1 signalling pathways. As opposed to peripheral low-grade chondrosarcomas where EXT-mutant and EXT-wildtype cells coexist, EXT-wildtype cells predominate in peripheral intermediate and high-grade chondrosarcomas 1. Mutations in IDH1 and IDH2 are absent 1."
"Similar to central intermediate and high-grade chondrosarcomas, secondary peripheral intermediate and high-grade chondrosarcomas are associated with chromosomal instability and complex karyotypes probably due to alterations in p53 and RB1 signalling pathways. As opposed to peripheral low-grade chondrosarcomas where EXT-mutant and EXT-wildtype cells coexist, EXT-wildtype cells predominate in peripheral intermediate and high-grade chondrosarcomas 1. Mutations in IDH1 and IDH2 are absent 1."
"Similar to central intermediate and high-grade chondrosarcomas, secondary peripheral intermediate and high-grade chondrosarcomas are associated with chromosomal instability and complex karyotypes probably due to alterations in p53 and RB1 signalling pathways. As opposed to peripheral low-grade chondrosarcomas where EXT-mutant and EXT-wildtype cells coexist, EXT-wildtype cells predominate in peripheral intermediate and high-grade chondrosarcomas 1. Mutations in IDH1 and IDH2 are absent 1."
Expected headings
"Location "
"Plain radiograph/CT"
"Signal characteristics"
"Complications"
"The most common sites involved are the pelvis, trunk and proximal femur 1,3."
"low-grade peripheral chondrosarcoma: smaller cap thickness, focal or regional cap type"
"History and etymology"
"periosteal chondroma: originates from periosteum or the bony surface; lesion size"