"clinical presentation consistent with the disease, as defined by the clinical manifestations and MRI, CSF, and/or EMG/NCS findings"
"clinical presentation consistent with the disease, as defined by the clinical manifestations and MRI, CSF, and/or EMG/NCS findings"
"consistent clinical presentation, as defined by the clinical manifestations and MRI, CSF, and/or EMG/NCS findings"
"consistent clinical presentation, as defined by the clinical manifestations and MRI, CSF, and/or EMG/NCS findings"
"consistent clinical presentation, as defined by the clinical manifestations and MRI, CSF, and/or EMG/NCS findings"
"consistent clinical presentation, as defined by the clinical manifestations and MRI, CSF, and/or EMG/NCS findings"
"SIADH"
"Treatment of neurosarcoidosis remains poorly established. Corticosteroids are the first-line therapy with other immunosuppressive agents (e.g. infliximab (TNF-α inhibitor), methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, hydroxychloroquine), being used subsequently 11."
"ADEM"
"T1 C+ (Gd): homogeneous enhancement"
"SWI: may show engorged and tortuous medullary veins (the so-called "medullary vein sign") 14,15"
"Langerhans cell histiocytosis"
Expected headings
"Pachymeningeal involvement"
"Leptomeningeal involvement"
"Pituitary and hypothalamic involvement"
"Cranial nerve involvement"
"Parenchymal involvement"
"Spinal cord involvement"
"For pachymeningeal involvement consider"
"For leptomeningeal involvement consider"
"For pituitary and hypothalamic involvement, consider"
"For cranial nerve involvement consider"
"For parenchymal involvement consider"
"Interestingly, up to 10% of patients with the systemic disease will demonstrate positive imaging findings; thus, not all patients with demonstrable imaging findings of neurosarcoidosis are symptomatic."
"cryptococcal meningitis is a rare but life-threatening complication of sarcoidosis, and patients may be misdiagnosed as neurosarcoidosis, which can result in considerable treatment delay and worse outcome; CSF cryptococcal antigen tests are advised in patients with sarcoidosis and meningitis 8"
"Gallium-67 citrate scan is insensitive to central nervous system involvement, positive in only 5% of cases. However, it is helpful in confirming the presence of a systemic disease when neurological manifestations are the presenting complaint. In this setting, the gallium scan is positive in approximately 45% 1. Care should be taken, however, when interpreting results, as other inflammatory/white-cell-abundant diseases may also be positive, some of which are on the differential for neurosarcoidosis (e.g. tuberculosis and lymphoma)."
"infections (e.g. Lyme disease)"